https://alumnimagazine.insead.edu/who-killed-nokia-nokia-did/ "When fear permeated all levels, the lower rungs of the organisation turned inward to protect resources, themselves and their units, giving little away, fearing harm to their personal careers. Top managers failed to motivate the middle managers with their heavy-handed approaches and they were in the dark with what was really going on." Observation: this can persist for basically forever if your company sits on $120B in cash